Levelling Up! How Board Gaming Can Enrich Your Life

I have often explored the field of board games as a cultural and social phenomenon that has gained significant momentum in recent years. The industry has experienced remarkable growth since the late 1990s, although there has been a slight deceleration primarily attributed to increasing logistics costs and global issues such as the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 to 2023 and regional conflicts such as the situation in Ukraine.

However, propelled by the resurgence of board gaming, largely driven by the significant rise in euro-style or German-style games, many have rekindled their love for the rich complexity of this traditional form of amusement. Board games are analogue cardboard constructs that rest on human intellect to bring life to their rules. The human mind, capable of extrapolating abstractions from intricate, imaginative, or real-life situations, stands as the essential element breathing life into these creations, completing their fundamental nature.

This blog serves as a personal reflection on the profound impact board games have had on my life, as well as an exploration of the key elements that I believe significantly influence the present and potential future of this engaging pastime.

Board games are not developed in a vacuum. They never materialise outside of a specific context, and I believe that this context can be coalesced in to three distinct areas of investigation. These are as follows: -

1.        - The Mental Benefits

2.       - The Business Aspect, and

3.       - The Social Dimension

These three aspects combined are what create the entirety or the raison d'être of the board gaming industry.

I believe that fundamentally when we consider board games, we encounter what can be described as the innate human inclination towards play. Play is a well-documented behaviour in mammals, serving as a tool for learning in young children, cultivating mental abilities, encouraging cooperation and healthy competition, and facilitating socialisation within groups.

Moreover, structured play offers additional advantages, subtle yet significant, stemming from the engagement of one's cognitive faculties. I venture to suggest that during structured play, the brain becomes more active, thereby enhancing its own health and longevity. Play serves as a mental workout, akin to cardio and weight training for the body, aiding in the maintenance of cognitive functions over an extended period.

Before I proceed any further, I would like to offer a definition for structured play and to point out that within the context of this blog, play and structured play are used interchangeably to mean the same thing. Structured play, also known as goal-oriented play, involves using logic to solve problems and following rules or instructions to reach a particular goal. It is a planned activity that fosters skills like setting and achieving goals, problem-solving, and active listening.

Recently, I came across a compelling study that conducted a longitudinal analysis on various individuals, concluding that engaging in play, specifically board and card games in this instance, can contribute to maintaining mental acuity for a longer duration.

Engaging in regular play through board games can enhance critical thinking skills and improve brain plasticity over time by creating and consolidating neural connections. It also aids in memory retention for equally evident reasons.

However, we may not always delve into how this can impact or influence the social dimension inherent in board gaming. I am referring to the potential of these games to nurture mental well-being. A healthier, more agile mind stands a better chance of ageing more gracefully and potentially leading to a more independent and active later life.

Working on neuroplasticity and the formation of new neural connections can also help delay the onset of certain diseases like Alzheimer's. Maintaining a healthy brain means ensuring that old age does not become a significant social burden in the future. While other factors such as genetic predisposition to specific ailments, obesity, and adverse environmental conditions can undermine these efforts, the adage "healthy mind in a healthy body" should remain our guiding principle in our pursuit of more dynamic and independent golden years.

Let us now shift our focus to another crucial aspect of board gaming: the social dimension. The way societies embrace or reject gaming in adulthood varies from country to country. You will find nations with a history of acceptance when it comes to games like Backgammon. To this day, for instance, Turkey, Greece, and Israel are three territories known to embrace backgammon as part of their cultural heritage. Chess, on the other hand, is particularly popular in Russia, the United States, and China. This does not imply that these games do not enjoy a healthy following in other countries; rather, it suggests that certain nations have populations that are more receptive to these games.

Additionally, there is the matter of what may be perceived as fashionable within a social context. Most popular games go through cycles of popularity during which they are embraced by society and the media in general. While the demographics must be present initially, having a particular game portrayed in popular media tends to increase that game's appeal within society at large.

As an illustration, I would like to highlight the Dungeons & Dragons roleplaying system and board games in a broader sense. Popular television shows like The Big Bang Theory and Stranger Things have reintroduced the concept of playing Dungeons and Dragons. Individuals who grew up in the eighties witnessed a transformation where a once marginalised and stigmatised gaming system regained popularity. Playing Dungeons and Dragons once again became trendy.

This resurgence sparked a significant revival of the gaming system and, consequently, all board games and gaming literature associated with it. Moreover, ardent fans of the genre, who were previously discreet about their passion, now prominent figures in contemporary cinema, openly expressed their long-standing love for and engagement with Dungeons and Dragons since their youth. Such endorsements further fuelled enthusiasm among fans to explore what Gary Gygax had envisioned in the seventies.

Similarly, the sitcom The Big Bang Theory also brought board games back into the mainstream media. Audiences observed the actors playing modern classics like Ticket to Ride and Catan, often with a comedic twist, signalling a widespread acceptance of board games.

On a societal level, board games possess the remarkable ability to bridge generational divides and mitigate age-related biases that are prevalent in other social settings. For these and various other reasons, board games serve as excellent icebreakers, fostering the establishment of new friendships. By breaking down artificial barriers associated with age, they also contribute to promoting active aging in general.

While it is worthy to positively appraise the benefits of board gaming, there is one dimension that, while not strictly about board games, requires our attention and that is the business aspect, the proverbial elephant in the room.

As I stated earlier, board games are not created in a vacuum. They are the deliberate physical manifestation of a business venture focused on producing products that people desire with the goal of generating profits. If a game does not sell, it will not be produced; this is a straightforward concept to grasp. In the current market, where there is an appetite for quality games, businesses have proliferated like weeds in a race for potential buyers' money.

I am convinced that each board gaming company meticulously analyses sales figures, striving to maximise profits while minimising costs when it comes to sourcing raw materials, artwork, and manufacturing the products. In this case, the products are the game boxes themselves.

Admittedly, this philosophy does not always result in high-quality products. A board game company may choose to embrace sustainability and eco-friendliness in their design and manufacturing process, but they cannot do so at the expense of quality. With the vast array of new board game titles hitting the shelves each year, companies cannot afford to make mistakes.

While games like Wingspan can make a significant impact on the board gaming community, there are numerous unsuccessful attempts that never gain traction. A brilliant concept on paper may not always translate into a successful product in the global markets. Therefore, when a company achieves success, their primary goal is to ensure the enduring popularity of their products. Essentially, they must come up with ways to prevent the game from fading into obscurity, overshadowed by the pursuit of the next trend or fashionable game.

Unfortunately, definitive answers to this challenge are not readily available; otherwise, we would be inundated with exceptional new games throughout the year. Nevertheless, it is evident that designers have tried everything to garner the attention of gamers, from compact titles with streamlined components to expansive multi-box creations that require a cart for transportation. While innovation is abundant, there are instances where designers prioritise glamour and extravagance over quality and the long-term viability of their products.

The truth is that if you do not prioritise longevity for your latest game creation, you will not bother with those details. However, from a personal perspective, it is difficult to imagine dedicating enough playtime to justify spending €200 upfront on a massive game with multiple expansions. The alternative, a more contained price tag on a core game with subsequent “expansions” hitting the market later (spread out over time) could be considered more acceptable to the consumer. It could also work miracles in ensuring the longevity of a gaming product.

As businesses strive to produce high-quality titles, they must consider other aspects when embarking on their next project. They need to understand that players interested in their games are seeking something novel, the excitement of discovering an exceptional new game. This means that businesses must invest in design, creativity, and, most importantly, innovation.

Simultaneously, these board gaming companies must ensure that their costs are contained, that the coordination required to deliver the end product to customers is reasonably priced, and that none of these factors will compromise the longevity of their product. They must accomplish all this while adopting a sustainable business mindset when sourcing raw materials, managing social stigmas that may exist in target markets, and addressing what could be considered acceptable.

This is the reality we face in 2024. We are witnessing diverse competing factors shaping the way we perceive and consume board games, while simultaneously being aware that these same games could prove beneficial on a societal level by nurturing mental health. As we promote these board games for all the potential benefits they offer, we necessarily require access to businesses that understand the market and the globalised world in which we live.

This industry attracts a diverse array of individuals, from business professionals and art designers to professors with a talent for converting numbers into games. This hobby transforms some into collectors, others into gamers, or both. Yet everyone involved in this industry is drawn to it by a common denominator: an appetite for play and the desire to tackle the next challenge.

In conclusion, as a hobbyist who is both a gamer and a collector of board games, I feel that the evolving landscape of board gaming offers valuable insights and experiences that have enriched my personal journey as I proceed through life.

From the mental benefits perspective, engaging in board games not only provides me with entertainment but also nurtures critical thinking skills, enhances my brain plasticity, and will hopefully aid in my memory retention. I look at these games as a platform for continuous learning, problem-solving, and cognitive stimulation, contributing to my mental well-being and cognitive longevity.

I have also grown to appreciate that from a social perspective, board gaming serves as a powerful tool for bridging generational gaps, fostering friendships, and combating ageism. Through board games, I feel that I constantly learn valuable life lessons in collaboration, communication, sportsmanship, and adaptability. The socialisation component of board gaming encourages teamwork, empathy, and social interaction, enriching my social experiences as I walk through life.

In essence, the amalgamation of mental benefits, the social dimension, as well as the business aspect offer insights into this holistic journey that not only entertains but also educates, and challenges, while allowing me to connect with others. I think that embracing these facets of board gaming can offer you a well-rounded perspective on life, teaching you resilience, creativity, and the importance of human connection in your personal growth and interactions with the world around you.

Embracing and sharing these values is what has kept me captivated by board games for so long. These games are not merely about play; if you delve deeper, you will arrive at the realisation that they are fundamentally about two things, communication and understanding. When we share common goals, follow similar rules, and engage meaningfully with others, we might discover that what divides us is not so much our differences, but rather a lack of empathy and a willingness to communicate unhindered by biases or misconceptions. Learning to overcome human limitations through communication can never be a detrimental pursuit, and I believe that if everyone followed the underlying philosophies that epitomise board gaming, the world would be a much better place.

 

 

 

 

 

A Renaissance on the Tabletop: The Evolution of Modern Board Games (1990-Present)

The landscape of board games has undergone significant transformation since the 1990s. Gone are the days of simple roll-and-move mechanics (think Monopoly or Ludo) and passive player experiences. Today, modern board games offer rich strategic depth, elaborate themes, and a focus on player interaction, fuelling a global resurgence in the hobby. This blog aims to explore the key innovations in game mechanisms and player preferences that have driven this evolution, analysing their influence on published games and the European market's unique contribution to the phenomenon. Additionally, a glimpse into the resurgent popularity of Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) will provide a broader perspective on the current state of the tabletop gaming sector.

The Rise of the Eurogame and Strategic Depth

The 1990s witnessed the rise of the "Eurogame”, a term initially used to distinguish European-designed games from their American counterparts. Eurogames typically emphasise strategic decision-making, resource management, and indirect player interaction through shared goals or economic competition. Pioneering titles like "The Settlers of Catan" (1995) introduced innovative mechanics like dice-rolling for resource acquisition and trading with neighbouring players. This sparked a wave of innovative games like "Carcassonne" (2000), introducing tile-laying mechanics, and "Puerto Rico" (2002), which introduced role-selection mechanisms that offered players unique abilities each round. These games offered a refreshing alternative to traditional luck-based games, attracting a new generation of players seeking intellectual challenges and strategic depth. 

 

Player Interaction: From Competition to Collaboration

While the introduction of strategic depth in board games was a major innovation, player interaction also evolved significantly. Early games often focused on direct competition, with players vying for resources or victory points. However, modern board games explore a wider range of interaction models. Cooperative games, where players

work together against a common enemy or objective, rose in popularity. Titles like "Pandemic" (2008) require players to collaborate to manage disease outbreaks, while "Hanabi" (2010) presents a unique cooperative experience where players cannot see their own cards, relying instead on communication and deduction to win. Additionally, social deduction games like "The Resistance" (2008) introduced hidden roles and bluffing mechanics, creating an interesting experience which combines social manipulation with hidden agendas. These diverse forms of interaction cater to a wider range of player preferences, fostering a stronger sense of a shared experience and greater engagement with the game being played.

 

Thematic Immersion and Storytelling

Modern board games go beyond mechanics, offering rich thematic experiences. Most of the more popular modern titles are meticulously crafted around specific themes, from historical periods ("Twilight Struggle," 2005) to fantastical worlds ("Gloomhaven," 2017). Excellent artwork, well-thought-out components, and captivating narratives contribute to the overall experience, drawing players into the game's world. This focus on theme goes beyond mere looks; it can enhance gameplay by providing a logical framework for mechanics and player actions. Essentially, the theme justifies the actions taken within the context of the game itself. For instance, the worker placement mechanic in "Agricola" (2007) thematically represents managing a farm, while the card drafting mechanic in "7 Wonders Duel" (2015) simulates drafting historical advancements for your civilisation through a logical sequential path, starting from the most primitive human discoveries to the more complex cultural and societal achievements. This thematic integration creates a more engaging and memorable experience for players.

 

The Powerhouses of Publishing: Ravensburger, Fantasy Flight Games, and Asmodee

The "German Model" of board game design, characterised by high-quality components, innovative mechanics, and a focus on strategy, has significantly shaped the modern board game landscape. Linked to this increase in popularity of the German model, several companies came to the fore addressing the lacuna in distribution and availability of specific board game titles beyond their country of origin. By making it easier to translate published games and catering for a wider, more globalised market, these companies have extended the reach of this model to a new and growing audience of hobbyists the world over.

Founded in 1883, Ravensburger is a German giant with a long history of producing high-quality family games. While not solely focused on complex strategy games, Ravensburger titles often introduce innovative mechanics and beautiful artwork, making them accessible gateways into the world of modern board games. Puerto Rico (2002) is one such title. This classic tile-laying and resource management game puts players in the shoes of colonial governors vying for dominance on the island of Puerto Rico. Players collect resources, build structures, and ship goods back to Europe for points. The Castles of Burgundy (2011) is a strategic dice-placement game where players vying for control of various regions in Burgundy. Players collect resources, construct buildings, and develop their holdings to score the most points. Core elements introduced in both these games can be found in many modern Eurogames.

Established in 1995 in Minnesota, USA, Fantasy Flight Games (FFG) initially focused on translating and publishing European games for the North American market. They quickly rose to prominence, acquiring licenses for popular Eurogames like "Ticket to Ride" (2004) and "Power Grid" (2004), introducing them to a wider audience. FFG also ventured into their own game design, creating thematic and strategically rich titles like "Twilight Struggle" (2005) and the epic campaign game "Descent: Journeys in the Dark" (2012), further solidifying their reputation for high production value and strategic depth.

Asmodee is a French publisher of board games, card games and role-playing games (RPGs). Founded in 1995 to develop their own games and to publish and distribute for other smaller game developers, they have since acquired numerous other board game publishers. They acquired major European publishers like Days of Wonder ("Ticket to Ride") and Fantasy Flight Games, creating a vast portfolio of Eurogames, thematic strategy titles, and licensed properties like "Star Wars" and "Arkham Horror." Asmodee's influence extends beyond publishing, with their distribution network ensuring wider availability of games across the globe.

 

Essen Spiel: A Mecca for Gamers and Industry Powerhouse

International game fairs play a crucial role in promoting the "German Model" and the broader board game industry. Essen Spiel, held annually in Essen, Germany, is the largest and most influential fair in the world. Thousands of publishers, designers, and gamers gather to showcase new releases, network, and participate in tournaments. This event serves as a crucial launchpad for new games, generating global attention and driving sales. Additionally, Essen Spiel provides a platform for smaller European publishers to reach a wider audience, fostering diversity within the industry.

 

The Impact on the Market

The influence of the "German Model" and Essen Spiel extends beyond Europe. The success of Eurogames and

the efficient distribution networks of major publishers have led to a wider availability of board games worldwide. Titles originally published in Germany are now readily available in countries across Asia, North America, and South America.

The popularity of Eurogames has fuelled the growth of board game cafes, offering a welcoming space for players to explore new titles and enjoy the social aspects of the hobby. This trend further exposes players to the "German Model" and other modern game design philosophies.

Platforms like Board Game Geek (BGG) provide a forum for players to discuss games, share reviews, and connect with others who share their passion. This online community promotes awareness of Eurogames and other modern titles, creating a global network of enthusiastic players.

 

Beyond Essen Spiel: The Rise of Regional Powerhouses 

Europe boasts several prominent conventions beyond Essen Spiel, each catering to specific tastes and interests. The UK Games Expo (UKGE), held annually in Birmingham, England, has grown significantly in recent years. Attendance figures jumped from 5,805 in 2013 to over 52,000 in 2023, solidifying its position as the largest dedicated board game convention in the UK. UKGE offers a comprehensive experience, showcasing new releases, hosting tournaments for popular games, and providing a platform for smaller publishers and designers.

 

Similarly, Airecon, held in Harrogate, England, has emerged as a popular convention focused on strategy board games. With an emphasis on Eurogames and a strong focus on competitive play, Airecon attracts a dedicated crowd of passionate gamers. While significantly smaller in scale than UKGE, Airecon fosters a tight-knit community atmosphere and provides a space for players to delve into the complexities of strategic board games.

 

North America is home to a vibrant network of conventions catering to a diverse range of board game enthusiasts. Gen Con, held annually in Indianapolis, Indiana, is a titan of the industry. While encompassing a broader gaming spectrum including video games and tabletop RPGs, Gen Con boasts a sizable board game presence. Attendance figures regularly exceed 60,000, making it one of the largest gatherings of board game players in the world. Gen Con features a massive expo hall with publisher booths, demo areas, and opportunities to meet designers and playtest unreleased titles. Additionally, it hosts tournaments for various games, attracting competitive players from across the globe.

 

The United States also boasts regional conventions like PAX Unplugged, held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. PAX Unplugged focuses primarily on tabletop gaming, offering a curated selection of board games, role-playing games, and card games. With a strong emphasis on indie publishers and innovative game design, PAX Unplugged caters to a specific audience seeking unique experiences. Additionally, events like Dice Tower Con in Orlando, Florida, and BGG.CON in Dallas, Texas, cater to specific gaming preferences and local communities, contributing to the overall health and diversity of the convention scene.

 

 

The Impact on the Gaming Market

 

These regional conventions play a crucial role in supporting and promoting the board game industry. Conventions provide a critical platform for publishers, both established and fledgling, to showcase their games to a large and enthusiastic audience. This exposure can lead to increased sales, distribution deals, and brand recognition. Additionally, conventions offer a valuable opportunity for publishers to gather direct feedback from players, informing future game design and development.

 

Conventions engender a sense of community as well as a shared passion for board games. Players can connect with others who share their interests, participate in tournaments, and learn about new games. This sense of community encourages continued engagement with the hobby and drives sales within the local market.

 

Conventions create a buzz surrounding upcoming releases. Players get a chance to playtest unreleased games, generate word-of-mouth excitement, and pre-order upcoming titles. This hype generation can translate into strong initial sales figures for publishers and generate excitement within the broader gaming community.

 

 

Growth Drivers and Future Trends

 

The continued growth of regional conventions hinges on several factors. They provide a more accessible option for players who may not have the resources to travel to large international events like Essen Spiel. This allows for a wider range of players to participate and engage with the broader gaming community.

 

Some conventions focus on specific genres or player preferences, catering to a dedicated audience. This caters to the diverse tastes of modern board game enthusiasts and attracts players seeking a tailored experience. Furthermore, they are increasingly leveraging online platforms to enhance the experience. Features like pre-registration, virtual demos, and live streaming events can further expand reach and connect with players who cannot attend physically.

 

Catering to a Diverse Audience: A Boon for Choice

The rise of niche markets and diverse player preferences has undoubtedly expanded the selection of available games. Platforms like Kickstarter allow designers to directly gauge interest in specific mechanics or themes, leading to a wider variety of games catering to specific player desires. This empowers players with greater choice and allows designers to explore unique concepts that might not have found a publisher traditionally. For instance, the popularity of solo-play games has seen a surge in titles designed specifically for one player, offering a fulfilling experience without requiring a group.

 

The Pressure of Production Value: A Rising Cost

However, the demand for high-quality components and thematic immersion can inflate production costs. Players today expect visually appealing artwork, premium game pieces, and durable components, all contributing to the overall experience. While Kickstarter funding can help mitigate these costs, it also creates a pressure for publishers to deliver on increasingly lavish production values to stand out from a crowded market. This can lead to higher retail prices for consumers, potentially creating a barrier to entry for new players or those on a budget.

 

 

Complexity Creep: Balancing Depth with Accessibility

The focus on strategic depth can sometimes lead to "complexity creep," where games become increasingly intricate and difficult to learn. While some players relish the challenge, complex rulebooks and lengthy playtime can alienate casual players. Striking a balance between strategic depth and accessibility is crucial. This might involve streamlined rules, modular components that allow for variable difficulty levels, or well-designed tutorials to ease players into the gameplay.

 

The Future: Finding the Sweet Spot

Navigating the influence of player preferences requires a delicate touch from publishers and designers. Understanding your target audience is essential. Kickstarter data, online forums, and playtesting sessions can provide valuable insights into player desires. Additionally, publishers can explore ways to offer a range of titles that cater to different levels of complexity and budgets.

One approach is the "core game" model, where a base game offers a streamlined experience with the potential for expansion modules that add complexity and depth for experienced players.  This allows for a broader appeal, attracting new players with the base game while offering additional content for those seeking a more challenging experience.

 

Dungeons & Dragons: A Gateway to Tabletop Adventures

Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) has seen a surge in popularity in recent years, but its roots go deep. Created in the mid-1970s, D&D took inspiration from wargames and fantasy literature to establish a new genre: the tabletop role-playing game (RPG). Players create characters and embark on adventures within a world crafted by a Dungeon Master (DM). The core mechanic relies on rolling polyhedral dice (like the 20-sided die) to determine success or failure, adding an exciting layer of chance to the storytelling.

Several factors have fueled D&D's recent resurgence. The release of the streamlined 5th edition in 2014 made the game more accessible to new players. Pop culture references, like the portrayal of a D&D club in the Netflix series "Stranger Things," brought the game to a wider audience. The rise of online platforms like Roll20 further expanded D&D's reach, allowing geographically distant friends to connect for virtual sessions.

D&D's longevity can be attributed to its inherent flexibility. The core rules provide a framework, but DMs can create custom campaigns tailored to their players' interests. This fosters a sense of community and shared storytelling that transcends the game itself.

The impact of D&D's resurgence extends beyond the game itself. The influx of new players has fueled interest in the broader tabletop RPG market. Publishers are releasing new and innovative games, catering to diverse tastes and interests. Local game stores are seeing a rise in tabletop RPG nights, creating vibrant social spaces for hobbyists.

D&D's resurgence highlights the enduring appeal of tabletop gaming. In an increasingly digital world, these games offer a unique opportunity for face-to-face interaction, collaborative storytelling, and creative expression. While D&D may be the current star, its success paves the way for a brighter future for tabletop gaming as a whole.

  

The Future of Modern Board Games: A Look Ahead 

The future of modern board games appears bright. Technological advancements are creating new possibilities for integrating digital elements into the tabletop experience. Apps can streamline gameplay setup, track resources,

and even introduce AI-controlled opponents, expanding the accessibility and potential complexity of games. Additionally, the global market for board games continues to grow, with emerging markets in Asia offering exciting opportunities for publishers and designers.

However, some challenges remain. The sheer volume of new releases can be overwhelming for players, and ensuring high-quality components can be a balancing act for publishers. Additionally, the rise of digital alternatives like video games presents competition for players' time and attention.

Despite the challenges, the modern board game industry is thriving. A passionate community of players and designers continues to push boundaries, experiment with new mechanics, and explore diverse themes. The focus on strategic depth, thematic immersion, and a variety of player interactions has created a vibrant and engaging hobby that caters to a wide range of interests. Whether it's the strategic battles of a Eurogame, the collaborative challenges of a cooperative title, or the narrative adventures of D&D, the modern tabletop gaming scene offers a rich and rewarding experience for players of all ages and backgrounds.

The Long Game - How Play can Boost Adult Health

 We’re always chasing our tails, running after time, hoping to get it all done within an acceptable timeframe. In the process, we stress ourselves out, and some of us may start to feel older than our chronological age. Add kids, family and work obligations to the mix and you have yourself a powder keg all primed and ready for the ultimate blow-up. If this describes you to any degree, then you would really benefit from what I have to say next.

Stress significantly impacts our overall well-being. It’s not merely a mental phenomenon. When stress becomes overwhelming, our sleep suffers, and the quality of rest we manage to get is disrupted. Additionally, handling even minor day-to-day challenges becomes more difficult. We may find ourselves becoming irritable and snapping at well-wishers. Stress acts as an unhealthy toxin, altering our thought processes and actively hastening the ageing process.

In practical terms, when we encounter situations that trigger the “fight or flight” response, our bodies release several hormones such as Adrenaline, Norepinephrine, and Cortisol, into our bloodstream. While Adrenaline acts swiftly, Cortisol comes into play when we continually focus on stressors. Excessive Cortisol negatively affects our immune system, raises blood pressure and blood sugar levels, and contributes to obesity. Therefore, it’s crucial to actively manage stress regularly. Specifically, if we recognise that a particular stressor won’t recur significantly or significantly impact our lives, we should learn to let it go and carry on with our daily routines.

While we encounter various stressors, both real and imagined, there exist methods purportedly designed to alleviate them. However, many of these approaches feel forced, overly intricate, and distinctly unfamiliar. An effective stress reliever should be something that comes naturally to us, resonating with our emotional and cognitive essence. To discover what truly works, let’s reflect on a time when stressors, in all their manifestations, were largely unknown: our childhood.

As kids we start off in life with fresh eyes, the world is indeed a marvellous and new place. We reach out to observe patterns, sounds, shapes, and substances. We taste, feel, smell, hear and touch objects to come to terms with our surroundings. We would not yet know what stress is because nothing within our primal nature asks us to shoulder the gravitas of being mortal or responsible adults. We simply “are” and in that state of grace, we reach out playing with all the world has to offer. The key term here is play.

In the early stages of life, “play” is an individual pursuit, a simple exploration filled with surprises and wonder. Here, the term “solitary” isn’t meant negatively; rather, it represents a crucial phase in a child’s personal development. Each action unfolds organically, guided by simple and elementary rules. Play serves as a pathway to understanding, encouraging discovery, and nurturing the young mind. Have you ever observed toddlers gleefully grabbing objects and depositing them into a box or container, only to empty the receptacle and start anew? That seemingly repetitive act is, in fact, a game for the child. As the child grows, interactions extend beyond themselves. The urge to communicate becomes irresistible, and this newfound ability to connect becomes an integral part of their playful engagement with the world.

Likewise, have you ever observed how young pre-schoolers interact with their peers on a playground? Although they may be complete strangers, they readily engage in uncomplicated play—running together around the playground, exploring jungle gyms, or participating in other games. Their innocence renders them completely unaware of race, colour, creed, or social status, eliminating any potential stressors. For them, the joy lies in the simple act of communication and play, often culminating in communal, exuberant laughter that emanates from the depths of their youthful selves.

This is what we need to recapture as adults, this sense of peace, a state of bliss we might have forgotten all about as we progress through our lives. True, we cannot undo our responsibilities or forget our concerns, but we can strive to bring ourselves time and time again into a state of grace. The means to achieve this needs to be rooted in what constitutes our very basic nature. That same nature which we expressed without inhibitions as kids.

At a very basic level, we all need to fulfil our need to communicate meaningfully, to interact with like-minded people within a friendly environment or context. In addition, our nature leads us to pursue challenges that are within our grasp or capabilities and then to share our accomplishments with those we care about. We want our “eureka” moments to be part of a greater goal that in turn makes us feel we are contributing towards a larger goal or objective. These things, these moments bring peace and fulfilment. For these reasons, any activity understood to help us manage our stress needs to be affiliated with or at least promote these very basic needs.

Playing board games within a friendly environment can help reduce stress, improve our mood, and promote social connections. These social and emotional benefits contribute substantially towards promoting mental health at all ages, but they can be especially beneficial for older adults who may be at risk for isolation and loneliness. When board games are approached in a structured manner, they can offer a clean space that does away with negative stressors.

So far, I have labelled all stress-inducing circumstances as being negative, but we must understand that not all stress is indeed harmful or to be avoided. Certain stressors help us maintain a healthy tension such as those motivators that push us towards a desirable goal or outcome. There are other factors that we need to consider when trying to determine the optimal level of stress required to reach a goal. This is because the perception of stress-inducing circumstances will vary from person to person. Some persons can shoulder a substantial amount of stress and not suffer any physical or mental duress, whereas others would immediately fold as soon as the first few stressors take effect. Regardless we need to appreciate that a good, moderate or manageable amount of stress can help us evolve and grow as individuals. 

Board games offer various cognitive benefits to those who play them with some regularity. In fact, board games have been found to help improve memory, concentration, problem-solving skills, and strategic thinking. These cognitive skills are important for everyone regardless of age, but they become especially important as we grow older. Studies have likewise shown that playing board games can help to reduce the risk of developing dementia and Alzheimer's. If you have time, have a look at his paper (https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2807256).

Ultimately board games can offer players a fun and engaging activity that can help sustain mental agility over time.  Unfortunately, some intelligent adults may be hesitant to indulge in board games because they perceive them as being childish or boring. This could not be further from the truth, especially nowadays that we have ample access to games of varying degrees of complexity and subject matter.

While I don’t intend to criticise those who dismiss games, I find fault with a society that perpetuates such views. Our brains are inherently wired to thrive when exposed to novel stimuli. The more mental stimulation we receive, the greater the network of connections our brains develop over time. As we age, we increasingly rely on this intricate web of interconnectivity. At a neural level, this network must be cultivated and sustained through continuous exposure to fresh stimuli.

Think of it like a sapling receiving a steady drip feed. To see that sapling grow into a robust, towering tree, you must maintain that nourishing drip consistently over time. Close off the supply, and the sapling may wither or if luck favours, merely remain stunted.

Admittedly board games or card games are not the only way to stem the tide of Alzheimer's, but they do offer significant help. Aerobic activity is equally important as it facilitates the flow of oxygen to the brain so if you can get it, do. A simple 30-minute, brisk walk three times a week can do miracles towards flushing toxins out of your system.

On a personal level, I must admit that learning a new board game is a welcome challenge. In my experience, even a medium-difficulty, entry-level game can still be a fantastic experience. I currently have close to 100 games in my collection and yet there are a handful of them that I play repeatedly. I learnt their rules and their nuances and it's therefore relatively easy to bring them to the table. The advantage of bringing them to the table is that I don't need to wrestle with the rules and focus squarely on playing a good game. Yet nothing beats reading through and understanding how a new game plays out. A new game offers a deeper level of engagement including the need to memorise new mechanisms.

Even if I watch a playthrough video and study the rules, I will still make mistakes when I play a game for the first time. It is helpful to play with experienced players who can help me learn the game and identify my mistakes. I have come to appreciate the importance of having a good gamer at the table.

Board games are more than just a fun way to pass the time. They can also teach us valuable life lessons, such as how to deal with losses and celebrate wins, how to think critically and act strategically, and how to interact with others in new and interesting ways. Additionally, board games can help us get to know our fellow players better and build stronger relationships.

In other words, board games can help us grow as individuals and improve our social skills. They can also teach us how to overcome challenges and achieve our goals.

Here are some tips for getting the most out of board gaming for stress management and mental health: - 

1. Choose games that offer you a challenge.
2. Set aside time each week or perhaps monthly to play board games.
3. Play in a relaxed and comfortable setting, don’t rush things.
4. Make sure to take breaks if you start to feel stressed during play.
5. Focus on having fun and connecting with the people you are playing with.

Board gaming is a great way to improve your mental health and well-being. If you are looking for a fun and rewarding activity to do with friends and family, I encourage you to give it a try.

 

Dealing with defeat in board and card games

My eight-year-old and I were playing Star Realms, a card game where you must reduce the other player’s Authority points, which are like life points, to zero. I was doing well and had greatly lowered his points, but he didn’t like that. He got irate and didn’t listen when I told him I was playing by the rules. He cried so much that I stopped the game.

I don’t hold it against him that he got emotional. Losing can be hard, even for grown-ups. I’ve seen adults get angry, rude, or accuse others of cheating when they lose. Some of them try to spoil the fun for everyone or say the game is unfair. They are not good at losing gracefully.

Losing is part of playing any game, no matter what game it is, how good you are, how good your opponent is, or where you play. Sometimes you lose because you make bad choices, and sometimes you lose even when you make good choices. The key is not to let your emotions take over when you lose but to think about it objectively and logically. That way, you can learn from your mistakes and improve. It’s not easy to control your emotions, because they are part of being human. But I would like to think that we are also smart humans who can reason things out, reflect, and evaluate matters logically.

Yet, before we proceed with devising reasons for certain behaviours linked to defeat, let’s start by understanding what we expect to gain from playing board games. We can reasonably assume that we primarily play them for fun and for socialising. Board games can also teach, but that’s not our focus here. We expect that the other players at the table, like us, enjoy board games and perhaps want to learn more about them. We also look forward to interacting with other like-minded persons at the gaming table in a spirit of camaraderie. These are the things which we can plausibly assume players will expect when they join a game.

The following discussion leans towards games that contain an element of luck or randomness within them. While what will be said can be applied to games of perfect information, like Chess or Go, we will be focusing on games that cannot be fully controlled but whose variance can only be managed within reason.

So, what happens then when a player breaks down following a loss. Where does the initial motivation or the fun component go? The issue here I think is an intricate mesh of competing thoughts inside the player’s head. These thoughts could in turn be linked to the character and/or personality of that same player. If a player tends to take everything personally, a loss can come across as a hard emotional blow, likewise if a player tends to be hyper-competitive, he or she may make the life of those around the table a little difficult. This happens more frequently as the single-minded, pursuit of victory equals or exceeds the other motivations that might have led to the initial engagement.

The crucial question lies in how we can avoid succumbing to disruptive emotional or psychological pitfalls. I propose that a sensible understanding of play’s essence, particularly the inherent variability woven into the games we partake in, can guide us towards objectively reviewing outcomes. As we cultivate this perspective, we begin to appreciate the delicate balance between winning and losing without compromising our overall enjoyment. Our aim should shift from grasping at results to focusing on the process itself. In doing so, we gain the ability to step back and analyse the intricacies of play and achievements with a detached yet insightful approach. Only then can we slip subtly into a quasi-effortless learning process that becomes both enriching and rewarding.

From micro-stakes tournaments to the allure of the World Series of Poker (WSOP), my journey through No-Limit Texas Hold'em has been a masterclass in loss management. While poker often carries a negative stigma, modern tournaments, especially the WSOP, have helped me shed light on its strategic depth. Beyond the surface of deception and bluffing, the game hinges on exploiting odds, understanding variance, and mastering the art of reading physical “tells”. Tells can be described as those involuntary physical cues that betray the true strength of an opponent's hand. This intricate blend of mathematical prowess and keen observation elevates poker to a game of skill, where chips become currency and weapons.

For me, the true lesson wasn't in winning, but in how I learned to handle losses. Despite playing at micro-stakes or even "play" money, the emotional swings were very real. The euphoria of a tournament win was countered by the sting of a bad beat or a well-timed bluff that occasionally still went invariably wrong. The mental state following such losses, as poker players know, is referred to as "steaming"; a feeling as intense as a kettle boiling over. When a player enters this dangerous mindset, behaviour becomes erratic which could lead to further losses and more grief.

In the case of poker and in the face of losses, I had the foresight to step away from the game, disengage from the online platform, and pursue other activities. I resisted the temptation to chase my losses, a decision not everyone possesses the strength to make. Yet, mere withdrawal could not fully alleviate the sting of defeat. In the heat of the moment, frustration reigned supreme, prompting me to vow (on a few occasions) to never play poker again. As emotions settled, I engaged in a post-game analysis, meticulously reviewing the hands played, right up to the sequence leading to the crucial moment when everything crumbled. This introspective process fostered learning, enabling me to distinguish between losses rooted in my own miscalculations and those caused by unfavourable variances. This clarity facilitated my emotional recovery, allowing me to regain a newfound appreciation for the game.

My experiences with poker aside, my main motivation for playing remains the pure joy of the experience. Whether it's cards or board games, I always prioritize enjoyment. The moment that element diminishes; I find it best to move on.

Another example worth considering is Marvel Snap, an electronic card game that, while not a traditional board game, still embodies many of the core elements of classic card and board games. It demands deck manipulation skills, a nuanced understanding of card synergies, and an appreciation for the role of randomness in gameplay.

This card game is tailored for its primary platform, smartphones, resulting in fast-paced matches, tight decision-making, and compact decks. With only 12 cards available per match, players must strategically utilise their resources to maximize their impact. Cards are deployed to one of three locations, each with unique rules that influence their behaviour. These locations are unveiled progressively, one per turn, starting from turn 1, adding an element of anticipation and strategic planning. Moreover, each location can accommodate a maximum of four cards per player, emphasizing the importance of careful card placement and resource management. A single misstep could have dire consequences due to this limited capacity.

The game's brilliance lies in its versatility, offering players a multitude of strategies to maximize their points or hinder their opponent's progress. Decks can be constructed to exploit card synergies, enhancing their base value through strategic manoeuvres. Other decks can capitalize on discarding and destroying cards, increasing the value of the remaining ones. Some strategies focus on relocating cards between the three available locations, gradually increasing their worth with each move. And of course, there are disruptor cards that compel opponents to take control of negative-scoring cards or destroy their own cards (or locations) at a cost.

With such a diverse array of strategies, it is no wonder that no single deck can guarantee consistent victory. A flexible deck capable of adapting to different situations will yield higher win rates, but even then, losses are inevitable. To maintain an edge, decks must evolve as new players develop countermeasures. The game's developers also regularly rebalance the cards, nerfing those proving too overpowered or favouring specific card combinations.

Returning to the motivations for playing board games, I must acknowledge that the desire to socialise often takes precedence over other objectives. While winning is undoubtedly enjoyable, it's not the primary goal in every instance. I derive immense satisfaction from observing my friends as they embark on a journey of learning a new game alongside me. Witnessing their engagement with the rules, their thoughtful decision-making and the lively banter that ensues fills me with joy. One of my most cherished, recent memories, lies in playing Wingspan with a group of close friends who were new to the game. Despite my loss, the experience was truly exhilarating, and I would gladly play another game with them anytime.

The essence of board games lies in embracing the element of uncertainty. If we knew exactly how to win every time, the thrill of the game would be lost, and victory would become mundane. The beauty of modern board games lies in their inherent variability, allowing for a multitude of strategies and outcomes. This unpredictability is what makes winning even more rewarding, as it signifies not just strategic brilliance but also a touch of luck.

However, what do you say to an eight-year-old who finds the prospect of losing disheartening? Appealing to mindfulness or focusing on the moment is not an easy topic to impart to a young kid. Here's my advice: Begin by explaining, in a way that the child can comprehend, that a certain degree of luck is inherent in most games. Furthermore, that this element of luck cannot be truly controlled, only managed as a player’s understanding of a game increases.

There is a risk that the child might develop a superstitious mindset about games involving chance. This is something you want to avoid. Emphasise that dice and cards have no memory and that each game is a standalone event.

So, if you can't explain the concept in a way the child can grasp, what then?

If explaining the concept of luck and chance proves ineffective, the prudent course of action is to steer clear of confrontational, PvP-style games. It's better to postpone these games until the child develops the emotional maturity to handle them appropriately. Alternatively, consider introducing competitive games through the team format. By working as part of a group, the child might be more resilient in the face of defeat.

Yet, while my suggestions here have led to how one could possibly help kids manage wins and losses, these recommendations can also be adapted to an adult audience if necessary. More so if you happen to know that you will be tackling a few players who cannot lose gracefully. In such situations, I would advise a less confrontational gaming experience centred around cooperative games, a refreshing departure from the competitive Euro-style games. These cooperative adventures pit players against the game itself, fostering teamwork and celebrating shared triumphs. The Pandemic series, along with its numerous spin-offs and re-skins, exemplifies the success of cooperative gaming engines.

I would now like to end this discussion with a few pointers for event organisers who might still wish to introduce competitive Euro-style games to their gaming group. It is my belief that board and card games can provide a rich, multifaceted experience, combining intellectual stimulation, social interaction, and pure enjoyment. Yet, they also introduce the inevitability of defeat, which can be challenging for some players to accept graciously.

As a game event organiser, you will need to maintain a positive and inclusive gaming environment. To effectively address players who, you know struggle with handling losses, consider employing the following recommendations:

-          Emphasise the joy of the game, reminding players that it's about camaraderie, personal growth, and the shared experience, not just winning.

-          Promote positive sportsmanship by encouraging players to focus on the strategies employed, the fun experienced, and the learning opportunities gained.

-          Remain calm in the face of negative reactions, engaging in respectful dialogues to help players understand how their behaviour affects the overall experience.

-          Clearly communicate expectations for respectful behaviour and sportsmanship, establishing guidelines for handling disagreements and resolving conflicts constructively.

-          Regularly seek feedback from players to identify areas for improvement and address concerns, ensuring a positive and inclusive experience for all.

Board and card games are meant to be enjoyable pursuits. By cultivating a culture of positive sportsmanship and promoting fair play, you can guide players towards gracefully accepting defeats and embracing the camaraderie, learning, and fun that these games offer.

NB - Dear reader and friend, if you have read up to this point I would appreciate it if you could reach out through the BGhaven Facebook group and share your thoughts about this subject. I am interested in any experiences you might be willing to share or perhaps an opinion you might have matured over the years. Also if you have any questions please do not hesitate to get in touch and I will try and get back to you at the earliest.

Until next time!

Backgammon: A Timeless Game Rolls On

Backgammon is a compelling blend of strategy and luck and has captivated players for millennia. Though variations exist, the standard format, played with 15 checkers per side and the iconic doubling cube, reigns supreme. This dynamic combination fosters exciting matches, where skill and chance intertwine to create unexpected twists and thrilling victories.

Before exploring the game’s history, which dates to ancient Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) around 5,000 years ago, let’s take a moment to discuss a relatively modern addition to the game, the ‘doubling cube’.

The doubling cube is a six-sided die that is used to increase the stakes of the game. It was first introduced in the 1920s at the Knickerbocker Club in New York City by an unknown player. The cube has the numbers 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 printed on its faces and is placed on the bar, between the two players, or along the edge of the board at the beginning of the game, indicating that both players have access to it. Either player can make the first double.

Although the doubling cube was initially created as a gambling tool, it has since become a staple in tournament play. In tournaments, the doubling cube is used to raise the stakes of the game while keeping track of the same.

Back to the ancient origins of the game, excavations unearthed artifacts resembling backgammon boards, suggesting its long and widespread journey. The Romans embraced it as "Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum," with evidence appearing in Emperor Claudius' portable chariot board! Centuries later, the Crusaders are believed to have brought it back to Europe, where it evolved into various forms, including "Irish" in the 16th century, eventually solidifying into the "backgammon" we know today, first mentioned in 17th-century England.

Modern backgammon boards can take various forms and sizes, while portable boards have existed for centuries. Sondegut's rollable leather backgammon board, which you can see in photos I have included in this blog, offers a modern twist. Crafted from premium leather, it is elegant and can be rolled up neatly for effortless travel. It even has a convenient zipper pocket where you can store away the checkers, dice (one pair for either player) as well as a doubling cube. It can be used anywhere with a flat surface. It is also compact enough to be easily playable on airplanes, park benches, or your favourite coffee shop, ensuring uninterrupted play wherever your journey takes you.

Now let’s have a look at the rules behind this game and how they come together to offer a genuinely engaging experience. 

The standard format, the one that shines brightest, involves 15 checkers per side and the use of the doubling cube. Games are normally played to 7, 11 or 15 points depending on how much time the contestants have available. Though, strictly speaking, a 15-point game could be sensibly stopped at any time in between matches, depending on the needs of those playing. 

Each player controls 15 checkers, initially positioned on specific points (called pips) on their outer and inner tables. Turns alternate, with players rolling two dice and moving their checkers according to the rolled values. Checkers can only move forward, one to many points dictated by the dice roll, hopping over other checkers (both friendly and opponent's) if necessary. A player may not however land on an occupied point. A point is considered occupied by another player if it has at least two of that player’s checkers on it. 

Once all 15 checkers are on a player's inner table, the “bearing off” phase begins. Here, players roll the dice and remove checkers from points corresponding to the rolled values. For example, rolling a 5 allows removing a checker from the 5-point. The first player to bear off all their checkers wins.

A brief note on the use of the doubling cube. Before rolling the dice, a player can offer to double the game's stake by offering the cube to their opponent. The opponent has two options. He or she accepts, and the game continues, but the stakes are doubled (e.g., from 1 point to 2, or from 4 to 8, depending on previous doubles). Furthermore, the accepting player now takes control of the cube and can redouble (double again) in their next turn. Alternatively, the player may refuse the double. The refusing player loses the game and pays the current stake value (in points) to the winner.

This simple mechanic adds immense depth. When you are leading comfortably, you double, pressuring your opponent to risk losing more points if they lose. When trailing behind, accepting a double could be a calculated gamble, potentially doubling your comeback reward. Redoubling can be a bold statement, but one that backfires if you lose, quadrupling the stakes. 

Despite the digital age, backgammon persists. While high-quality graphics are not essential, some modern digital adaptations, like Backgammon Blitz, offer a captivating and charming rendering of this timeless game. Tournaments still attract skilled players, online platforms connect enthusiasts across the globe, and casual games continue to bring friends and families together. The game's enduring popularity lies in its accessibility, quick set-up, and satisfying blend of luck and strategy. Its rich history, intellectual challenge, and portability ensure that the backgammon dice will continue to roll for generations to come.

References:

• Backgammon - Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backgammon

• The History of Backgammon - Alexandra Llewellyn: https://alexandrallewellyn.com/about/alexandra/

• Backgammon and its history - Hellenic Art: https://www.hellenic-art.com/hellenipedia/backgammon/

• How to set up a Backgammon board - https://www.wikihow.com/Set-up-a-Backgammon-Board