A Renaissance on the Tabletop: The Evolution of Modern Board Games (1990-Present)

The landscape of board games has undergone significant transformation since the 1990s. Gone are the days of simple roll-and-move mechanics (think Monopoly or Ludo) and passive player experiences. Today, modern board games offer rich strategic depth, elaborate themes, and a focus on player interaction, fuelling a global resurgence in the hobby. This blog aims to explore the key innovations in game mechanisms and player preferences that have driven this evolution, analysing their influence on published games and the European market's unique contribution to the phenomenon. Additionally, a glimpse into the resurgent popularity of Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) will provide a broader perspective on the current state of the tabletop gaming sector.

The Rise of the Eurogame and Strategic Depth

The 1990s witnessed the rise of the "Eurogame”, a term initially used to distinguish European-designed games from their American counterparts. Eurogames typically emphasise strategic decision-making, resource management, and indirect player interaction through shared goals or economic competition. Pioneering titles like "The Settlers of Catan" (1995) introduced innovative mechanics like dice-rolling for resource acquisition and trading with neighbouring players. This sparked a wave of innovative games like "Carcassonne" (2000), introducing tile-laying mechanics, and "Puerto Rico" (2002), which introduced role-selection mechanisms that offered players unique abilities each round. These games offered a refreshing alternative to traditional luck-based games, attracting a new generation of players seeking intellectual challenges and strategic depth. 

 

Player Interaction: From Competition to Collaboration

While the introduction of strategic depth in board games was a major innovation, player interaction also evolved significantly. Early games often focused on direct competition, with players vying for resources or victory points. However, modern board games explore a wider range of interaction models. Cooperative games, where players

work together against a common enemy or objective, rose in popularity. Titles like "Pandemic" (2008) require players to collaborate to manage disease outbreaks, while "Hanabi" (2010) presents a unique cooperative experience where players cannot see their own cards, relying instead on communication and deduction to win. Additionally, social deduction games like "The Resistance" (2008) introduced hidden roles and bluffing mechanics, creating an interesting experience which combines social manipulation with hidden agendas. These diverse forms of interaction cater to a wider range of player preferences, fostering a stronger sense of a shared experience and greater engagement with the game being played.

 

Thematic Immersion and Storytelling

Modern board games go beyond mechanics, offering rich thematic experiences. Most of the more popular modern titles are meticulously crafted around specific themes, from historical periods ("Twilight Struggle," 2005) to fantastical worlds ("Gloomhaven," 2017). Excellent artwork, well-thought-out components, and captivating narratives contribute to the overall experience, drawing players into the game's world. This focus on theme goes beyond mere looks; it can enhance gameplay by providing a logical framework for mechanics and player actions. Essentially, the theme justifies the actions taken within the context of the game itself. For instance, the worker placement mechanic in "Agricola" (2007) thematically represents managing a farm, while the card drafting mechanic in "7 Wonders Duel" (2015) simulates drafting historical advancements for your civilisation through a logical sequential path, starting from the most primitive human discoveries to the more complex cultural and societal achievements. This thematic integration creates a more engaging and memorable experience for players.

 

The Powerhouses of Publishing: Ravensburger, Fantasy Flight Games, and Asmodee

The "German Model" of board game design, characterised by high-quality components, innovative mechanics, and a focus on strategy, has significantly shaped the modern board game landscape. Linked to this increase in popularity of the German model, several companies came to the fore addressing the lacuna in distribution and availability of specific board game titles beyond their country of origin. By making it easier to translate published games and catering for a wider, more globalised market, these companies have extended the reach of this model to a new and growing audience of hobbyists the world over.

Founded in 1883, Ravensburger is a German giant with a long history of producing high-quality family games. While not solely focused on complex strategy games, Ravensburger titles often introduce innovative mechanics and beautiful artwork, making them accessible gateways into the world of modern board games. Puerto Rico (2002) is one such title. This classic tile-laying and resource management game puts players in the shoes of colonial governors vying for dominance on the island of Puerto Rico. Players collect resources, build structures, and ship goods back to Europe for points. The Castles of Burgundy (2011) is a strategic dice-placement game where players vying for control of various regions in Burgundy. Players collect resources, construct buildings, and develop their holdings to score the most points. Core elements introduced in both these games can be found in many modern Eurogames.

Established in 1995 in Minnesota, USA, Fantasy Flight Games (FFG) initially focused on translating and publishing European games for the North American market. They quickly rose to prominence, acquiring licenses for popular Eurogames like "Ticket to Ride" (2004) and "Power Grid" (2004), introducing them to a wider audience. FFG also ventured into their own game design, creating thematic and strategically rich titles like "Twilight Struggle" (2005) and the epic campaign game "Descent: Journeys in the Dark" (2012), further solidifying their reputation for high production value and strategic depth.

Asmodee is a French publisher of board games, card games and role-playing games (RPGs). Founded in 1995 to develop their own games and to publish and distribute for other smaller game developers, they have since acquired numerous other board game publishers. They acquired major European publishers like Days of Wonder ("Ticket to Ride") and Fantasy Flight Games, creating a vast portfolio of Eurogames, thematic strategy titles, and licensed properties like "Star Wars" and "Arkham Horror." Asmodee's influence extends beyond publishing, with their distribution network ensuring wider availability of games across the globe.

 

Essen Spiel: A Mecca for Gamers and Industry Powerhouse

International game fairs play a crucial role in promoting the "German Model" and the broader board game industry. Essen Spiel, held annually in Essen, Germany, is the largest and most influential fair in the world. Thousands of publishers, designers, and gamers gather to showcase new releases, network, and participate in tournaments. This event serves as a crucial launchpad for new games, generating global attention and driving sales. Additionally, Essen Spiel provides a platform for smaller European publishers to reach a wider audience, fostering diversity within the industry.

 

The Impact on the Market

The influence of the "German Model" and Essen Spiel extends beyond Europe. The success of Eurogames and

the efficient distribution networks of major publishers have led to a wider availability of board games worldwide. Titles originally published in Germany are now readily available in countries across Asia, North America, and South America.

The popularity of Eurogames has fuelled the growth of board game cafes, offering a welcoming space for players to explore new titles and enjoy the social aspects of the hobby. This trend further exposes players to the "German Model" and other modern game design philosophies.

Platforms like Board Game Geek (BGG) provide a forum for players to discuss games, share reviews, and connect with others who share their passion. This online community promotes awareness of Eurogames and other modern titles, creating a global network of enthusiastic players.

 

Beyond Essen Spiel: The Rise of Regional Powerhouses 

Europe boasts several prominent conventions beyond Essen Spiel, each catering to specific tastes and interests. The UK Games Expo (UKGE), held annually in Birmingham, England, has grown significantly in recent years. Attendance figures jumped from 5,805 in 2013 to over 52,000 in 2023, solidifying its position as the largest dedicated board game convention in the UK. UKGE offers a comprehensive experience, showcasing new releases, hosting tournaments for popular games, and providing a platform for smaller publishers and designers.

 

Similarly, Airecon, held in Harrogate, England, has emerged as a popular convention focused on strategy board games. With an emphasis on Eurogames and a strong focus on competitive play, Airecon attracts a dedicated crowd of passionate gamers. While significantly smaller in scale than UKGE, Airecon fosters a tight-knit community atmosphere and provides a space for players to delve into the complexities of strategic board games.

 

North America is home to a vibrant network of conventions catering to a diverse range of board game enthusiasts. Gen Con, held annually in Indianapolis, Indiana, is a titan of the industry. While encompassing a broader gaming spectrum including video games and tabletop RPGs, Gen Con boasts a sizable board game presence. Attendance figures regularly exceed 60,000, making it one of the largest gatherings of board game players in the world. Gen Con features a massive expo hall with publisher booths, demo areas, and opportunities to meet designers and playtest unreleased titles. Additionally, it hosts tournaments for various games, attracting competitive players from across the globe.

 

The United States also boasts regional conventions like PAX Unplugged, held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. PAX Unplugged focuses primarily on tabletop gaming, offering a curated selection of board games, role-playing games, and card games. With a strong emphasis on indie publishers and innovative game design, PAX Unplugged caters to a specific audience seeking unique experiences. Additionally, events like Dice Tower Con in Orlando, Florida, and BGG.CON in Dallas, Texas, cater to specific gaming preferences and local communities, contributing to the overall health and diversity of the convention scene.

 

 

The Impact on the Gaming Market

 

These regional conventions play a crucial role in supporting and promoting the board game industry. Conventions provide a critical platform for publishers, both established and fledgling, to showcase their games to a large and enthusiastic audience. This exposure can lead to increased sales, distribution deals, and brand recognition. Additionally, conventions offer a valuable opportunity for publishers to gather direct feedback from players, informing future game design and development.

 

Conventions engender a sense of community as well as a shared passion for board games. Players can connect with others who share their interests, participate in tournaments, and learn about new games. This sense of community encourages continued engagement with the hobby and drives sales within the local market.

 

Conventions create a buzz surrounding upcoming releases. Players get a chance to playtest unreleased games, generate word-of-mouth excitement, and pre-order upcoming titles. This hype generation can translate into strong initial sales figures for publishers and generate excitement within the broader gaming community.

 

 

Growth Drivers and Future Trends

 

The continued growth of regional conventions hinges on several factors. They provide a more accessible option for players who may not have the resources to travel to large international events like Essen Spiel. This allows for a wider range of players to participate and engage with the broader gaming community.

 

Some conventions focus on specific genres or player preferences, catering to a dedicated audience. This caters to the diverse tastes of modern board game enthusiasts and attracts players seeking a tailored experience. Furthermore, they are increasingly leveraging online platforms to enhance the experience. Features like pre-registration, virtual demos, and live streaming events can further expand reach and connect with players who cannot attend physically.

 

Catering to a Diverse Audience: A Boon for Choice

The rise of niche markets and diverse player preferences has undoubtedly expanded the selection of available games. Platforms like Kickstarter allow designers to directly gauge interest in specific mechanics or themes, leading to a wider variety of games catering to specific player desires. This empowers players with greater choice and allows designers to explore unique concepts that might not have found a publisher traditionally. For instance, the popularity of solo-play games has seen a surge in titles designed specifically for one player, offering a fulfilling experience without requiring a group.

 

The Pressure of Production Value: A Rising Cost

However, the demand for high-quality components and thematic immersion can inflate production costs. Players today expect visually appealing artwork, premium game pieces, and durable components, all contributing to the overall experience. While Kickstarter funding can help mitigate these costs, it also creates a pressure for publishers to deliver on increasingly lavish production values to stand out from a crowded market. This can lead to higher retail prices for consumers, potentially creating a barrier to entry for new players or those on a budget.

 

 

Complexity Creep: Balancing Depth with Accessibility

The focus on strategic depth can sometimes lead to "complexity creep," where games become increasingly intricate and difficult to learn. While some players relish the challenge, complex rulebooks and lengthy playtime can alienate casual players. Striking a balance between strategic depth and accessibility is crucial. This might involve streamlined rules, modular components that allow for variable difficulty levels, or well-designed tutorials to ease players into the gameplay.

 

The Future: Finding the Sweet Spot

Navigating the influence of player preferences requires a delicate touch from publishers and designers. Understanding your target audience is essential. Kickstarter data, online forums, and playtesting sessions can provide valuable insights into player desires. Additionally, publishers can explore ways to offer a range of titles that cater to different levels of complexity and budgets.

One approach is the "core game" model, where a base game offers a streamlined experience with the potential for expansion modules that add complexity and depth for experienced players.  This allows for a broader appeal, attracting new players with the base game while offering additional content for those seeking a more challenging experience.

 

Dungeons & Dragons: A Gateway to Tabletop Adventures

Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) has seen a surge in popularity in recent years, but its roots go deep. Created in the mid-1970s, D&D took inspiration from wargames and fantasy literature to establish a new genre: the tabletop role-playing game (RPG). Players create characters and embark on adventures within a world crafted by a Dungeon Master (DM). The core mechanic relies on rolling polyhedral dice (like the 20-sided die) to determine success or failure, adding an exciting layer of chance to the storytelling.

Several factors have fueled D&D's recent resurgence. The release of the streamlined 5th edition in 2014 made the game more accessible to new players. Pop culture references, like the portrayal of a D&D club in the Netflix series "Stranger Things," brought the game to a wider audience. The rise of online platforms like Roll20 further expanded D&D's reach, allowing geographically distant friends to connect for virtual sessions.

D&D's longevity can be attributed to its inherent flexibility. The core rules provide a framework, but DMs can create custom campaigns tailored to their players' interests. This fosters a sense of community and shared storytelling that transcends the game itself.

The impact of D&D's resurgence extends beyond the game itself. The influx of new players has fueled interest in the broader tabletop RPG market. Publishers are releasing new and innovative games, catering to diverse tastes and interests. Local game stores are seeing a rise in tabletop RPG nights, creating vibrant social spaces for hobbyists.

D&D's resurgence highlights the enduring appeal of tabletop gaming. In an increasingly digital world, these games offer a unique opportunity for face-to-face interaction, collaborative storytelling, and creative expression. While D&D may be the current star, its success paves the way for a brighter future for tabletop gaming as a whole.

  

The Future of Modern Board Games: A Look Ahead 

The future of modern board games appears bright. Technological advancements are creating new possibilities for integrating digital elements into the tabletop experience. Apps can streamline gameplay setup, track resources,

and even introduce AI-controlled opponents, expanding the accessibility and potential complexity of games. Additionally, the global market for board games continues to grow, with emerging markets in Asia offering exciting opportunities for publishers and designers.

However, some challenges remain. The sheer volume of new releases can be overwhelming for players, and ensuring high-quality components can be a balancing act for publishers. Additionally, the rise of digital alternatives like video games presents competition for players' time and attention.

Despite the challenges, the modern board game industry is thriving. A passionate community of players and designers continues to push boundaries, experiment with new mechanics, and explore diverse themes. The focus on strategic depth, thematic immersion, and a variety of player interactions has created a vibrant and engaging hobby that caters to a wide range of interests. Whether it's the strategic battles of a Eurogame, the collaborative challenges of a cooperative title, or the narrative adventures of D&D, the modern tabletop gaming scene offers a rich and rewarding experience for players of all ages and backgrounds.

The Long Game - How Play can Boost Adult Health

 We’re always chasing our tails, running after time, hoping to get it all done within an acceptable timeframe. In the process, we stress ourselves out, and some of us may start to feel older than our chronological age. Add kids, family and work obligations to the mix and you have yourself a powder keg all primed and ready for the ultimate blow-up. If this describes you to any degree, then you would really benefit from what I have to say next.

Stress significantly impacts our overall well-being. It’s not merely a mental phenomenon. When stress becomes overwhelming, our sleep suffers, and the quality of rest we manage to get is disrupted. Additionally, handling even minor day-to-day challenges becomes more difficult. We may find ourselves becoming irritable and snapping at well-wishers. Stress acts as an unhealthy toxin, altering our thought processes and actively hastening the ageing process.

In practical terms, when we encounter situations that trigger the “fight or flight” response, our bodies release several hormones such as Adrenaline, Norepinephrine, and Cortisol, into our bloodstream. While Adrenaline acts swiftly, Cortisol comes into play when we continually focus on stressors. Excessive Cortisol negatively affects our immune system, raises blood pressure and blood sugar levels, and contributes to obesity. Therefore, it’s crucial to actively manage stress regularly. Specifically, if we recognise that a particular stressor won’t recur significantly or significantly impact our lives, we should learn to let it go and carry on with our daily routines.

While we encounter various stressors, both real and imagined, there exist methods purportedly designed to alleviate them. However, many of these approaches feel forced, overly intricate, and distinctly unfamiliar. An effective stress reliever should be something that comes naturally to us, resonating with our emotional and cognitive essence. To discover what truly works, let’s reflect on a time when stressors, in all their manifestations, were largely unknown: our childhood.

As kids we start off in life with fresh eyes, the world is indeed a marvellous and new place. We reach out to observe patterns, sounds, shapes, and substances. We taste, feel, smell, hear and touch objects to come to terms with our surroundings. We would not yet know what stress is because nothing within our primal nature asks us to shoulder the gravitas of being mortal or responsible adults. We simply “are” and in that state of grace, we reach out playing with all the world has to offer. The key term here is play.

In the early stages of life, “play” is an individual pursuit, a simple exploration filled with surprises and wonder. Here, the term “solitary” isn’t meant negatively; rather, it represents a crucial phase in a child’s personal development. Each action unfolds organically, guided by simple and elementary rules. Play serves as a pathway to understanding, encouraging discovery, and nurturing the young mind. Have you ever observed toddlers gleefully grabbing objects and depositing them into a box or container, only to empty the receptacle and start anew? That seemingly repetitive act is, in fact, a game for the child. As the child grows, interactions extend beyond themselves. The urge to communicate becomes irresistible, and this newfound ability to connect becomes an integral part of their playful engagement with the world.

Likewise, have you ever observed how young pre-schoolers interact with their peers on a playground? Although they may be complete strangers, they readily engage in uncomplicated play—running together around the playground, exploring jungle gyms, or participating in other games. Their innocence renders them completely unaware of race, colour, creed, or social status, eliminating any potential stressors. For them, the joy lies in the simple act of communication and play, often culminating in communal, exuberant laughter that emanates from the depths of their youthful selves.

This is what we need to recapture as adults, this sense of peace, a state of bliss we might have forgotten all about as we progress through our lives. True, we cannot undo our responsibilities or forget our concerns, but we can strive to bring ourselves time and time again into a state of grace. The means to achieve this needs to be rooted in what constitutes our very basic nature. That same nature which we expressed without inhibitions as kids.

At a very basic level, we all need to fulfil our need to communicate meaningfully, to interact with like-minded people within a friendly environment or context. In addition, our nature leads us to pursue challenges that are within our grasp or capabilities and then to share our accomplishments with those we care about. We want our “eureka” moments to be part of a greater goal that in turn makes us feel we are contributing towards a larger goal or objective. These things, these moments bring peace and fulfilment. For these reasons, any activity understood to help us manage our stress needs to be affiliated with or at least promote these very basic needs.

Playing board games within a friendly environment can help reduce stress, improve our mood, and promote social connections. These social and emotional benefits contribute substantially towards promoting mental health at all ages, but they can be especially beneficial for older adults who may be at risk for isolation and loneliness. When board games are approached in a structured manner, they can offer a clean space that does away with negative stressors.

So far, I have labelled all stress-inducing circumstances as being negative, but we must understand that not all stress is indeed harmful or to be avoided. Certain stressors help us maintain a healthy tension such as those motivators that push us towards a desirable goal or outcome. There are other factors that we need to consider when trying to determine the optimal level of stress required to reach a goal. This is because the perception of stress-inducing circumstances will vary from person to person. Some persons can shoulder a substantial amount of stress and not suffer any physical or mental duress, whereas others would immediately fold as soon as the first few stressors take effect. Regardless we need to appreciate that a good, moderate or manageable amount of stress can help us evolve and grow as individuals. 

Board games offer various cognitive benefits to those who play them with some regularity. In fact, board games have been found to help improve memory, concentration, problem-solving skills, and strategic thinking. These cognitive skills are important for everyone regardless of age, but they become especially important as we grow older. Studies have likewise shown that playing board games can help to reduce the risk of developing dementia and Alzheimer's. If you have time, have a look at his paper (https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2807256).

Ultimately board games can offer players a fun and engaging activity that can help sustain mental agility over time.  Unfortunately, some intelligent adults may be hesitant to indulge in board games because they perceive them as being childish or boring. This could not be further from the truth, especially nowadays that we have ample access to games of varying degrees of complexity and subject matter.

While I don’t intend to criticise those who dismiss games, I find fault with a society that perpetuates such views. Our brains are inherently wired to thrive when exposed to novel stimuli. The more mental stimulation we receive, the greater the network of connections our brains develop over time. As we age, we increasingly rely on this intricate web of interconnectivity. At a neural level, this network must be cultivated and sustained through continuous exposure to fresh stimuli.

Think of it like a sapling receiving a steady drip feed. To see that sapling grow into a robust, towering tree, you must maintain that nourishing drip consistently over time. Close off the supply, and the sapling may wither or if luck favours, merely remain stunted.

Admittedly board games or card games are not the only way to stem the tide of Alzheimer's, but they do offer significant help. Aerobic activity is equally important as it facilitates the flow of oxygen to the brain so if you can get it, do. A simple 30-minute, brisk walk three times a week can do miracles towards flushing toxins out of your system.

On a personal level, I must admit that learning a new board game is a welcome challenge. In my experience, even a medium-difficulty, entry-level game can still be a fantastic experience. I currently have close to 100 games in my collection and yet there are a handful of them that I play repeatedly. I learnt their rules and their nuances and it's therefore relatively easy to bring them to the table. The advantage of bringing them to the table is that I don't need to wrestle with the rules and focus squarely on playing a good game. Yet nothing beats reading through and understanding how a new game plays out. A new game offers a deeper level of engagement including the need to memorise new mechanisms.

Even if I watch a playthrough video and study the rules, I will still make mistakes when I play a game for the first time. It is helpful to play with experienced players who can help me learn the game and identify my mistakes. I have come to appreciate the importance of having a good gamer at the table.

Board games are more than just a fun way to pass the time. They can also teach us valuable life lessons, such as how to deal with losses and celebrate wins, how to think critically and act strategically, and how to interact with others in new and interesting ways. Additionally, board games can help us get to know our fellow players better and build stronger relationships.

In other words, board games can help us grow as individuals and improve our social skills. They can also teach us how to overcome challenges and achieve our goals.

Here are some tips for getting the most out of board gaming for stress management and mental health: - 

1. Choose games that offer you a challenge.
2. Set aside time each week or perhaps monthly to play board games.
3. Play in a relaxed and comfortable setting, don’t rush things.
4. Make sure to take breaks if you start to feel stressed during play.
5. Focus on having fun and connecting with the people you are playing with.

Board gaming is a great way to improve your mental health and well-being. If you are looking for a fun and rewarding activity to do with friends and family, I encourage you to give it a try.

 

Dealing with defeat in board and card games

My eight-year-old and I were playing Star Realms, a card game where you must reduce the other player’s Authority points, which are like life points, to zero. I was doing well and had greatly lowered his points, but he didn’t like that. He got irate and didn’t listen when I told him I was playing by the rules. He cried so much that I stopped the game.

I don’t hold it against him that he got emotional. Losing can be hard, even for grown-ups. I’ve seen adults get angry, rude, or accuse others of cheating when they lose. Some of them try to spoil the fun for everyone or say the game is unfair. They are not good at losing gracefully.

Losing is part of playing any game, no matter what game it is, how good you are, how good your opponent is, or where you play. Sometimes you lose because you make bad choices, and sometimes you lose even when you make good choices. The key is not to let your emotions take over when you lose but to think about it objectively and logically. That way, you can learn from your mistakes and improve. It’s not easy to control your emotions, because they are part of being human. But I would like to think that we are also smart humans who can reason things out, reflect, and evaluate matters logically.

Yet, before we proceed with devising reasons for certain behaviours linked to defeat, let’s start by understanding what we expect to gain from playing board games. We can reasonably assume that we primarily play them for fun and for socialising. Board games can also teach, but that’s not our focus here. We expect that the other players at the table, like us, enjoy board games and perhaps want to learn more about them. We also look forward to interacting with other like-minded persons at the gaming table in a spirit of camaraderie. These are the things which we can plausibly assume players will expect when they join a game.

The following discussion leans towards games that contain an element of luck or randomness within them. While what will be said can be applied to games of perfect information, like Chess or Go, we will be focusing on games that cannot be fully controlled but whose variance can only be managed within reason.

So, what happens then when a player breaks down following a loss. Where does the initial motivation or the fun component go? The issue here I think is an intricate mesh of competing thoughts inside the player’s head. These thoughts could in turn be linked to the character and/or personality of that same player. If a player tends to take everything personally, a loss can come across as a hard emotional blow, likewise if a player tends to be hyper-competitive, he or she may make the life of those around the table a little difficult. This happens more frequently as the single-minded, pursuit of victory equals or exceeds the other motivations that might have led to the initial engagement.

The crucial question lies in how we can avoid succumbing to disruptive emotional or psychological pitfalls. I propose that a sensible understanding of play’s essence, particularly the inherent variability woven into the games we partake in, can guide us towards objectively reviewing outcomes. As we cultivate this perspective, we begin to appreciate the delicate balance between winning and losing without compromising our overall enjoyment. Our aim should shift from grasping at results to focusing on the process itself. In doing so, we gain the ability to step back and analyse the intricacies of play and achievements with a detached yet insightful approach. Only then can we slip subtly into a quasi-effortless learning process that becomes both enriching and rewarding.

From micro-stakes tournaments to the allure of the World Series of Poker (WSOP), my journey through No-Limit Texas Hold'em has been a masterclass in loss management. While poker often carries a negative stigma, modern tournaments, especially the WSOP, have helped me shed light on its strategic depth. Beyond the surface of deception and bluffing, the game hinges on exploiting odds, understanding variance, and mastering the art of reading physical “tells”. Tells can be described as those involuntary physical cues that betray the true strength of an opponent's hand. This intricate blend of mathematical prowess and keen observation elevates poker to a game of skill, where chips become currency and weapons.

For me, the true lesson wasn't in winning, but in how I learned to handle losses. Despite playing at micro-stakes or even "play" money, the emotional swings were very real. The euphoria of a tournament win was countered by the sting of a bad beat or a well-timed bluff that occasionally still went invariably wrong. The mental state following such losses, as poker players know, is referred to as "steaming"; a feeling as intense as a kettle boiling over. When a player enters this dangerous mindset, behaviour becomes erratic which could lead to further losses and more grief.

In the case of poker and in the face of losses, I had the foresight to step away from the game, disengage from the online platform, and pursue other activities. I resisted the temptation to chase my losses, a decision not everyone possesses the strength to make. Yet, mere withdrawal could not fully alleviate the sting of defeat. In the heat of the moment, frustration reigned supreme, prompting me to vow (on a few occasions) to never play poker again. As emotions settled, I engaged in a post-game analysis, meticulously reviewing the hands played, right up to the sequence leading to the crucial moment when everything crumbled. This introspective process fostered learning, enabling me to distinguish between losses rooted in my own miscalculations and those caused by unfavourable variances. This clarity facilitated my emotional recovery, allowing me to regain a newfound appreciation for the game.

My experiences with poker aside, my main motivation for playing remains the pure joy of the experience. Whether it's cards or board games, I always prioritize enjoyment. The moment that element diminishes; I find it best to move on.

Another example worth considering is Marvel Snap, an electronic card game that, while not a traditional board game, still embodies many of the core elements of classic card and board games. It demands deck manipulation skills, a nuanced understanding of card synergies, and an appreciation for the role of randomness in gameplay.

This card game is tailored for its primary platform, smartphones, resulting in fast-paced matches, tight decision-making, and compact decks. With only 12 cards available per match, players must strategically utilise their resources to maximize their impact. Cards are deployed to one of three locations, each with unique rules that influence their behaviour. These locations are unveiled progressively, one per turn, starting from turn 1, adding an element of anticipation and strategic planning. Moreover, each location can accommodate a maximum of four cards per player, emphasizing the importance of careful card placement and resource management. A single misstep could have dire consequences due to this limited capacity.

The game's brilliance lies in its versatility, offering players a multitude of strategies to maximize their points or hinder their opponent's progress. Decks can be constructed to exploit card synergies, enhancing their base value through strategic manoeuvres. Other decks can capitalize on discarding and destroying cards, increasing the value of the remaining ones. Some strategies focus on relocating cards between the three available locations, gradually increasing their worth with each move. And of course, there are disruptor cards that compel opponents to take control of negative-scoring cards or destroy their own cards (or locations) at a cost.

With such a diverse array of strategies, it is no wonder that no single deck can guarantee consistent victory. A flexible deck capable of adapting to different situations will yield higher win rates, but even then, losses are inevitable. To maintain an edge, decks must evolve as new players develop countermeasures. The game's developers also regularly rebalance the cards, nerfing those proving too overpowered or favouring specific card combinations.

Returning to the motivations for playing board games, I must acknowledge that the desire to socialise often takes precedence over other objectives. While winning is undoubtedly enjoyable, it's not the primary goal in every instance. I derive immense satisfaction from observing my friends as they embark on a journey of learning a new game alongside me. Witnessing their engagement with the rules, their thoughtful decision-making and the lively banter that ensues fills me with joy. One of my most cherished, recent memories, lies in playing Wingspan with a group of close friends who were new to the game. Despite my loss, the experience was truly exhilarating, and I would gladly play another game with them anytime.

The essence of board games lies in embracing the element of uncertainty. If we knew exactly how to win every time, the thrill of the game would be lost, and victory would become mundane. The beauty of modern board games lies in their inherent variability, allowing for a multitude of strategies and outcomes. This unpredictability is what makes winning even more rewarding, as it signifies not just strategic brilliance but also a touch of luck.

However, what do you say to an eight-year-old who finds the prospect of losing disheartening? Appealing to mindfulness or focusing on the moment is not an easy topic to impart to a young kid. Here's my advice: Begin by explaining, in a way that the child can comprehend, that a certain degree of luck is inherent in most games. Furthermore, that this element of luck cannot be truly controlled, only managed as a player’s understanding of a game increases.

There is a risk that the child might develop a superstitious mindset about games involving chance. This is something you want to avoid. Emphasise that dice and cards have no memory and that each game is a standalone event.

So, if you can't explain the concept in a way the child can grasp, what then?

If explaining the concept of luck and chance proves ineffective, the prudent course of action is to steer clear of confrontational, PvP-style games. It's better to postpone these games until the child develops the emotional maturity to handle them appropriately. Alternatively, consider introducing competitive games through the team format. By working as part of a group, the child might be more resilient in the face of defeat.

Yet, while my suggestions here have led to how one could possibly help kids manage wins and losses, these recommendations can also be adapted to an adult audience if necessary. More so if you happen to know that you will be tackling a few players who cannot lose gracefully. In such situations, I would advise a less confrontational gaming experience centred around cooperative games, a refreshing departure from the competitive Euro-style games. These cooperative adventures pit players against the game itself, fostering teamwork and celebrating shared triumphs. The Pandemic series, along with its numerous spin-offs and re-skins, exemplifies the success of cooperative gaming engines.

I would now like to end this discussion with a few pointers for event organisers who might still wish to introduce competitive Euro-style games to their gaming group. It is my belief that board and card games can provide a rich, multifaceted experience, combining intellectual stimulation, social interaction, and pure enjoyment. Yet, they also introduce the inevitability of defeat, which can be challenging for some players to accept graciously.

As a game event organiser, you will need to maintain a positive and inclusive gaming environment. To effectively address players who, you know struggle with handling losses, consider employing the following recommendations:

-          Emphasise the joy of the game, reminding players that it's about camaraderie, personal growth, and the shared experience, not just winning.

-          Promote positive sportsmanship by encouraging players to focus on the strategies employed, the fun experienced, and the learning opportunities gained.

-          Remain calm in the face of negative reactions, engaging in respectful dialogues to help players understand how their behaviour affects the overall experience.

-          Clearly communicate expectations for respectful behaviour and sportsmanship, establishing guidelines for handling disagreements and resolving conflicts constructively.

-          Regularly seek feedback from players to identify areas for improvement and address concerns, ensuring a positive and inclusive experience for all.

Board and card games are meant to be enjoyable pursuits. By cultivating a culture of positive sportsmanship and promoting fair play, you can guide players towards gracefully accepting defeats and embracing the camaraderie, learning, and fun that these games offer.

NB - Dear reader and friend, if you have read up to this point I would appreciate it if you could reach out through the BGhaven Facebook group and share your thoughts about this subject. I am interested in any experiences you might be willing to share or perhaps an opinion you might have matured over the years. Also if you have any questions please do not hesitate to get in touch and I will try and get back to you at the earliest.

Until next time!

Backgammon: A Timeless Game Rolls On

Backgammon is a compelling blend of strategy and luck and has captivated players for millennia. Though variations exist, the standard format, played with 15 checkers per side and the iconic doubling cube, reigns supreme. This dynamic combination fosters exciting matches, where skill and chance intertwine to create unexpected twists and thrilling victories.

Before exploring the game’s history, which dates to ancient Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) around 5,000 years ago, let’s take a moment to discuss a relatively modern addition to the game, the ‘doubling cube’.

The doubling cube is a six-sided die that is used to increase the stakes of the game. It was first introduced in the 1920s at the Knickerbocker Club in New York City by an unknown player. The cube has the numbers 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 printed on its faces and is placed on the bar, between the two players, or along the edge of the board at the beginning of the game, indicating that both players have access to it. Either player can make the first double.

Although the doubling cube was initially created as a gambling tool, it has since become a staple in tournament play. In tournaments, the doubling cube is used to raise the stakes of the game while keeping track of the same.

Back to the ancient origins of the game, excavations unearthed artifacts resembling backgammon boards, suggesting its long and widespread journey. The Romans embraced it as "Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum," with evidence appearing in Emperor Claudius' portable chariot board! Centuries later, the Crusaders are believed to have brought it back to Europe, where it evolved into various forms, including "Irish" in the 16th century, eventually solidifying into the "backgammon" we know today, first mentioned in 17th-century England.

Modern backgammon boards can take various forms and sizes, while portable boards have existed for centuries. Sondegut's rollable leather backgammon board, which you can see in photos I have included in this blog, offers a modern twist. Crafted from premium leather, it is elegant and can be rolled up neatly for effortless travel. It even has a convenient zipper pocket where you can store away the checkers, dice (one pair for either player) as well as a doubling cube. It can be used anywhere with a flat surface. It is also compact enough to be easily playable on airplanes, park benches, or your favourite coffee shop, ensuring uninterrupted play wherever your journey takes you.

Now let’s have a look at the rules behind this game and how they come together to offer a genuinely engaging experience. 

The standard format, the one that shines brightest, involves 15 checkers per side and the use of the doubling cube. Games are normally played to 7, 11 or 15 points depending on how much time the contestants have available. Though, strictly speaking, a 15-point game could be sensibly stopped at any time in between matches, depending on the needs of those playing. 

Each player controls 15 checkers, initially positioned on specific points (called pips) on their outer and inner tables. Turns alternate, with players rolling two dice and moving their checkers according to the rolled values. Checkers can only move forward, one to many points dictated by the dice roll, hopping over other checkers (both friendly and opponent's) if necessary. A player may not however land on an occupied point. A point is considered occupied by another player if it has at least two of that player’s checkers on it. 

Once all 15 checkers are on a player's inner table, the “bearing off” phase begins. Here, players roll the dice and remove checkers from points corresponding to the rolled values. For example, rolling a 5 allows removing a checker from the 5-point. The first player to bear off all their checkers wins.

A brief note on the use of the doubling cube. Before rolling the dice, a player can offer to double the game's stake by offering the cube to their opponent. The opponent has two options. He or she accepts, and the game continues, but the stakes are doubled (e.g., from 1 point to 2, or from 4 to 8, depending on previous doubles). Furthermore, the accepting player now takes control of the cube and can redouble (double again) in their next turn. Alternatively, the player may refuse the double. The refusing player loses the game and pays the current stake value (in points) to the winner.

This simple mechanic adds immense depth. When you are leading comfortably, you double, pressuring your opponent to risk losing more points if they lose. When trailing behind, accepting a double could be a calculated gamble, potentially doubling your comeback reward. Redoubling can be a bold statement, but one that backfires if you lose, quadrupling the stakes. 

Despite the digital age, backgammon persists. While high-quality graphics are not essential, some modern digital adaptations, like Backgammon Blitz, offer a captivating and charming rendering of this timeless game. Tournaments still attract skilled players, online platforms connect enthusiasts across the globe, and casual games continue to bring friends and families together. The game's enduring popularity lies in its accessibility, quick set-up, and satisfying blend of luck and strategy. Its rich history, intellectual challenge, and portability ensure that the backgammon dice will continue to roll for generations to come.

References:

• Backgammon - Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backgammon

• The History of Backgammon - Alexandra Llewellyn: https://alexandrallewellyn.com/about/alexandra/

• Backgammon and its history - Hellenic Art: https://www.hellenic-art.com/hellenipedia/backgammon/

• How to set up a Backgammon board - https://www.wikihow.com/Set-up-a-Backgammon-Board

Mastering the Multitude: Board Games That Thrive with Varied Player Numbers

 Euro-style board games have gained immense popularity in recent years, captivating gamers with their emphasis on strategic gameplay, economic systems, and thematic depth. While most euro games cater for 2-4 players, several titles offer expanded player counts, extending the gaming experience to 5 or 6 participants. However, the decision of whether to design a game for a specific player count or accommodate a wider range involves careful consideration, as each approach presents its advantages and disadvantages.

Games specifically designed for 4 players often offer a more refined and cohesive experience. By carefully tuning the game mechanics and balancing the elements, designers can ensure that every player has ample opportunities to engage in meaningful strategic decisions without feeling overwhelmed or marginalized. This focus on a smaller player count allows for a more intimate and interactive gaming experience, fostering a sense of camaraderie and engagement among participants.

In contrast, games designed for 5 or 6 players often provide a more expansive and dynamic playing field, offering a greater range of strategic possibilities and potential interactions. With more players involved, the game can evolve in unexpected ways, leading to unpredictable outcomes and a greater sense of unpredictability. This can be particularly appealing to gamers who enjoy the excitement of adapting their strategies to the ever-changing dynamics of a larger game.

A common approach to expanding the player count for popular euro games is to introduce expansions or add-ons that introduce new elements and mechanics specifically designed for larger groups. While this can provide additional options for those seeking a more player-heavy experience, there are several drawbacks to consider.

Adding new mechanics and components can introduce complexity that can be overwhelming for new players or those who prefer a more streamlined gaming experience. Expanding the player count can disrupt the carefully balanced mechanisms of the core game, leading to imbalances or unintended outcomes. Adding more players typically translates to a longer playing time, which may not be suitable for all groups or occasions.

When choosing a Euro-style game for a group of 4-6 players, it's essential to consider the group's preferences and gaming style. For those who enjoy a more intimate and strategic experience, games specifically designed for 4 players are generally ideal. For groups seeking a more expansive and dynamic game, titles designed for 5 or 6 players can provide an enjoyable and engaging experience.

In the case of games originally designed for 4 players and later upgraded with expansions for larger groups, it's advisable to carefully evaluate the expansion's impact on the core game's balance, complexity, and overall experience. If the expansion introduces significant changes that may detract from the original gameplay, it may be more suitable to choose a game that was designed for a larger player count from the outset.

Similarly, numerous games were originally crafted for two players but have been revisited and adapted to accommodate four players due to the game's widespread popularity and its perceived feasibility at that player count. This growing trend among game designers reflects their desire to broaden the game's appeal and make it more accessible to a wider audience. While this approach undoubtedly expands the game's reach, it also introduces several challenges and considerations that designers must carefully address

Adapting a two-player game to four players can be a delicate balancing act, as it requires carefully addressing several potential issues. For example, scaling the game mechanics and player interactions to accommodate four players can be tricky, as the dynamics and strategies may change significantly. In these cases, it becomes crucial to ensure that the game remains balanced and enjoyable for all players, without overwhelming the experience for newcomers or diluting the strategic depth for experienced players.

Adding more players typically introduces more complexity, both in terms of rules and gameplay. This can be challenging for newcomers or those who prefer a streamlined experience. 

Furthermore, expanding the player count can stretch the game's core concept, potentially diluting the unique gameplay elements that made the two-player experience so engaging. There exists a very real possibility that the game's identity could become derailed in the process that the game starts to feel less cohesive or complementary to the original experience.

Despite these challenges, there have been several notable examples of two-player games that have successfully transitioned to four-players. These adaptations demonstrate the potential for expanding a game's appeal while maintaining its core gameplay and strategic depth.

Despite being designed for two players, Ascension and its expansions can be adapted for four-player games, albeit with some adjustments. The core gameplay remains the same, but with an increased "Honour" pool to draw from. The game progresses more slowly at four, and player turns become more intricate towards the end. This makes Ascension a better choice for two-player matches, where players can focus on synergistic card combos and deck optimization.

While Star Realms is primarily designed for two players, it can also be enjoyed in four-player games. These games can take two forms: a chaotic Battle Royale mode and a more structured two-versus-two mode.

In Battle Royale, players can attack any opponents they choose, with the only restriction being that no player can be targeted by two consecutive attackers. This format can lead to a frenetic and unpredictable middle game as players jockey for position and eliminate opponents. The chaos continues until only two players remain, at which point the game reverts to a standard Star Realms match.

The two-versus-two format is a more manageable option. Teams share a pool of Authority points and work together to deplete their opponents' points to zero. The key rule in this format is that no team member can take two consecutive turns. The added social element of this mode comes from the ability of team members to strategize together during their turns. 

Magic The Gathering, originally designed for two players, has been adapted to accommodate four, albeit with significant adjustments. The first alteration in the so-called “Commander Deck” variant, involves deck size, with each player now constructing a 99-card deck plus a commander card. This expansion in deck size leads to longer game durations, sometimes stretching up to 90 minutes or more. Additionally, each player's life total is increased to 40 from the standard 20. This change is primarily motivated by the desire to create a more engaging multiplayer experience, which is lacking in the standard format. The popularity of this four-player variant largely depends on the preferences of individual groups. While it sacrifices some of the concentrated strategic flow of standard play, it introduces greater interaction and complexity, making it a more dynamic and unpredictable experience.

While many games claim to be suitable for 2 to 4 players, some shine brightest at lower player counts. These games excel at creating a more intimate and fulfilling experience, allowing for deeper engagement and strategic interplay between players. Let's explore some of these exceptional games.

Wingspan is a game that successfully transitions from two to four players without compromising its core gameplay. While the competitive aspect remains, it does not overly interfere with other players' strategies. Its engine-building structure, coupled with elements of card drafting, action selection, and worker placement, ensures that turns are efficient and seamless. This fluidity makes it easy to scale up the game to four players without significantly altering the gameplay experience.

Splendor is a game that adapts well to different player counts, offering a strategic and engaging experience for both two and four players. At two players, the game is characterized by tight tactics and a focus on anticipating and countering your opponent's moves. It's a delicate dance of manoeuvring, balancing aggressive blocking with relentless point acquisition.

When playing with four players, an element of complexity is introduced due to the increased number of actions and interactions that occur during each turn. This can lead to unexpected changes in strategy and require players to recalibrate their approach frequently. The game becomes more dynamic and open to the influence of other players' actions, adding an element of unpredictability. However, this can also extend the game's length, especially if players tend to overthink their moves and analyse every possible scenario.

Although Carcassonne is not specifically tailored for two-player gameplay, it shines exceptionally at this player count. The game's strategic depth and tactical possibilities are particularly alluring when played with two players. Despite accommodating four players, the game becomes more intricate and unpredictable at this number. Conversely, other tile-laying games like Land & Sea prioritize a more focused two-player approach while offering a three-player option for those seeking a larger group experience. However, the effectiveness of this three-player variant remains open to debate.

The reason for addressing this flexibility when it comes to player counts is truly all about leveraging a board game collection to maximise the return on its initial investment. I like to think of a game in terms of its value when it comes to the number of games I played as well as the number of players that have sat down to play it. Let us look at an example here.

Let us say I have a game, a two-to-four-player game with simple rules and a brisk gaming pace. Let us for the sake of argument say that I bought it for €40 and that to date I have managed at least 12 games with, on average 3 players. On a simple level, I can say that the game gave me a pleasurable social experience at a cost of approximately €3.30 per game. If on average, I played with 3 players then we are saying that offering that experience to my players cost me approximately €1.10 per person. In my books, that game is worth the money spent on it. 

On the other hand, if I spend around €70 and manage only a measly 2 plays with 4 players. We are looking at a rather expensive game where the cost per play would stand at €35 per game or around €8.75 per player at the table. 

From this perspective, it becomes evident that bringing a game to the table repeatedly is crucial to justify its existence. The more times a game is played, the greater the value it holds. For this reason, games that scale well are more likely to be played multiple times. Exclusively two-player games should avoid being overly lengthy or structured as campaign experiences. Alternatively, such games should provide an option for one-off playthroughs to increase the likelihood of being played.

In summary, not every game adapts equally well to different player counts. Some games excel at 4 players and scale gracefully to 6, while others struggle to maintain the same level of enjoyment at higher player counts. The same applies to 2-player games or those marketed as 2-4 players. The number of decisions per turn often plays a crucial role in scalability. However, even with streamlined turns, it's often necessary to experience a game first-hand to determine its ideal player count for your group. 

My advice is straightforward. Don't just take the game's box at its word when it claims to scale well. Do your research, read as many reviews as possible and watch a few related videos. Seek out diverse sources to gather a range of opinions. Once you've gathered all this information, consider the specific player count that suits your group's preferences and dynamics. Most importantly, choose games that you think will get played, or you could end up with expensive board games that end up gathering dust on your shelf.